Abstract
Despite improved screening and surveillance guidelines, significant race/ethnicity-specific disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continue to exist and disproportionately affect minority and disadvantaged populations. This trend indicates that social determinants and genetic and environmental factors are driving the epidemic at the population level. Race and geography had independent associations with mortality risk among patients with HCC. The present review discusses the risk factors and issues related to disparities in HCC. The underlying etiologies for these disparities are complex and multifactorial. Some of the risk factors for developing HCC include hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In addition, population genetics; socioeconomic and health care access; treatment and prevention differences; and genetic, behavioral, and biological influences can contribute to HCC. Acculturation of ethnic minorities, insurance status, and access to health care may further contribute to the observed disparities in HCC. By increasing awareness, better modalities for screening and surveillance, improving access to health care and adapting targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions, disparities in HCC outcomes can be reduced or eliminated.
hepatocellular carcinoma Keywords:
alcohol intake; diabetes; ethnic disparities; hepatitis B (HBV) infection; hepatitis C (HCV) infection; hepatocellular carcinoma; metabolic syndrome; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; smoking.
© 2020 The Authors. JGH Open: An open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
elimite 5 otc
antabuse cost uk
piroxicam tablet
furosemide tab 40mg
baclofen over the counter usa
buy antabuse online usa
levitra no prescription
celebrex 300 mg
augmentin 1500
furosemide 20 mg where to buy
lasix pills
levitra over the counter canada
nolvadex for men
buy accutane from canada
zanaflex 4mg capsule price
can i buy inderal online
prazosin for cats
tizanidine 20mg
order generic trazodone
endep 25mg price
zovirax valtrex
amitriptyline 10
prazosin bph
atarax over the counter uk
elavil price
buy erectafil
price of clomid uk
prazosin bph
valtrex prescription australia
bactrim over the counter uk
buy modafinil usa
paxil rx
ed drugs online
prazosin 3 mg
atenolol 30 mg
prednisolone 5mg tablets for sale
top 10 online pharmacies
https://canadianpharmacieshelp.com/
canada drug
amoxicillin 500mg for sale
best canadian pharcharmy online
online pharmacy no prescriptions
where can i buy xenical in usa
trazodone without prescription
buy prednisolone 25mg tablets
indocin tablets
motrin price in india
atenolol drug
generic xenical
motrin tablet price
augmentin in usa
atenolol online uk
augmentin tablet 625mg
trazodone 60 mg
buy trazodone
orlistat brand name uk
azithromycin online pharmacy
motrin 50
lexapro brand
lisinopril 3973
female viagra tablets price in india
rx disulfiram tablets
effexor sale
neurontin 100mg discount
diflucan order online uk
generic viagra 50
lyrica generic brand
neurontin cost in canada
tretinoin 0.05 cream
neurontin 100 mg
pharmacies with no prescription
https://canadianpharmaciesturbo.com/
discount drugs canada
buy baclofen no rx
phenergan 12.5mg tab
prazosin 2 mg caps
phenergan 10mg uk
suhagra tablet
tizanidine 4 mg price
where to buy propranolol
price of lyrica 75 mg in india
metformin 500 mg without prescription
can i order metformin online
augmentin 125 mg price
cymbalta 30mg
can you buy lyrica over the counter
generic allopurinol 300 mg
propranolol capsules
best brand metformin
strattera 40mg
northern pharmacy
phenergan uk otc
purchase acyclovir cream
recommended canadian pharmacies
strattera cost canada
phenergan 10mg uk
phenergan over the counter uk
strattera 2017
zoloft 2004
acyclovir 1mg
best online pharmacy no prescription
phenergan 25 mg pill
zoloft price in india
zovirax canada pharmacy
strattera 25mg cap
purchase zanaflex online
triamterene online
inderal tablets 10mg
tizanidine 4mg cost
generic for avodart
cheap viagra pills india
fluoxetine 60 mg
generic albendazole
nolvadex online
erythromycin capsules
levaquin price
buy levaquin
inderal 5mg
albendazole prescription drug
phenergan price
buy wellbutrin canada
buy propecia cheap
baclofen 300 mg
albenza cost in mexico
albendazole otc uk
40 mg baclofen
diflucan online prescription
wellbutrin generic
hydroxychloroquine 5 mg
stromectol online
how much does ivermectin cost
buy erectafil 5
propecia generic australia
canadian order diflucan online
cheap cialis generic online
methyl prednisolone
medicine tretinoin cream
phenergan online nz
prazosin for anxiety
phenergan 10mg australia
dexamethasone 100 mg
buy dexamethasone uk
zithromax
dexamethasone 0.5 tablet
order prednisolone online
phenergan prices
triamterene drug
robaxin 1050 mg
azithromycin cap 250 mg
10mg baclofen tablet price
buy online cialis
metformin.com
prescription atarax 25mg
tadalafil 5mg tablets
phenergan cost
cost of retin-a
pharmacy shop
baclofen online canada
can you buy synthroid in mexico
best price for cymbalta
canadian pharmacy without prescription
cymbalta online pharmacy price
robaxin 750 pills
buy tamoxifen 20mg
cymbalta capsule
phenergan price south africa
phenergan 10mg over the counter
dexamethasone 500 mg tablet
dapoxetine 100 mg
atenolol cream
good pill pharmacy
cymbalta prescription uk
medication robaxin 750
buying tamoxifen online
cymbalta price south africa
the pharmacy
retin a cream online india
triamterene
retin a 0.1 uk
atenolol 50 mg online
levaquin 500
atarax antihistamine
phenergan without a prescription
triamterene hctz 75 50 mg tab
where can i purchase baclofen without a prescription
tretinoin 0.1 uk
prednisolone 25mg tablet
no prescription needed pharmacy
atarax 25 mg buy uk
phenergan nz pharmacy
online pharmacy dubai
lipitor generic over the counter
baclofen price canada
buy prazosin 1mg
buy azithromycin usa
buy tetracycline capsules
pharmaceutical online
cymbalta pill
online pharmacy in turkey
baclofen 7.5 mg
atenolol 25 mg tabs
atarax liquid
tamoxifen canada
buy generic atarax
purchase nolvadex no prescription
canadian pharmacy 24 com
triamterene brand name canada
cost of atenolol in india
cialis price in india
generic brand glucophage
glucophage 1000 online
tamoxifen 10 mg tablet price
cheap azithromycin uk
metformin 200
rxpharmacycoupons
buy baclofen europe
baclofen online without prescription
brand cialis 100mg
dexamethasone 4
phenergan 25 mg over the counter
how can i get metformin
atenolol cost in india
azithromycin 250 mg price
cheap levaquin
phenergan pill
phenergan cream canada
baclofen
triamterene-hctz 37.5-25 mg
dexamethasone rx
azithromycin 500 tablet price
tenormin medication
baclofen 2
order phenergan online
top online pharmacy india
triamterene-hctz 37.5-25 mg cp
generic cialis 20mg price
prednisolone 5mg usa
atarax tablet cost
atarax hydroxyzine
metformin online no prescription
azithromycin in singapore
prazosin 5 mg price
phenergan 10mg cost
retin a 05 cream buy
phenergan over the counter in canada
cheap levaquin
pharmacy shop
price of lipitor in india
atarax 25 mg over the counter
prazosin hcl 2mg cap
atarax 10 mg tablet price
phenergan rx
buy glucophage
buy atarax online uk
triamterene hctz 37.5 25 mg tb
atarax eq
buy retin a from canada
price atenolol
triamterene hctz 75 50 mg
phenergan cream where to buy
canadian 24 hour pharmacy
buy zithromax uk
cialis in canada cost
india pharmacy mail order
atarax uk pharmacy
prazosin for sleep
buy azithromycin online fast shipping
dexamethasone tablets uk
online pharmacy no prescription needed
nolvadex 10
atarax 10 mg cost
canada pharmacy world
lipitor generic 5mg
cymbalta online uk
levaquin pill
glucophage generic
tretinoin 1 cost
cymbalta costs canada
buy zestoretic
rate canadian pharmacies
tenormin 50 mg price
atarax 25 mg 1mg
phenergan tablets
baclofen 10 tablet
drug atenolol 25 mg
wholesale pharmacy
buy metformin 850 mg
pharmacy store
cymbalta 30 mg cost
robaxin 500mg generic
mexican pharmacy what to buy
retin a 05
drug prices valtrex
buy cheap nolvadex online
buy atarax without prescription
methyl prednisolone
tamoxifen 50mg
azithromycin 500
cost of atenolol 25 mg
metformin 15 mg
tadalafil from mexico
atarax 50 mg
polish pharmacy online uk
online pet pharmacy
20 mg tamoxifen
atarax 25mg online
phenergan medicine over the counter
glucophage 1200 mg
atarax 10mg price in india
where to buy cialis online australia
canadian pharmacy online cialis
triamterene-hctz 37.5
nolvadex 20mg price
triamterene hctz 37.5 25 mg tb
buy robaxin canada
prazosin for sleep
online pharmacy
order pharmacy online egypt
prazosin 5 mg cap
baclofen 10mg
buy prednisolone 5mg uk
phenergan australia
azithromycin 2g
canadian online pharmacy no prescription
mexican pharmacy online
brazilian pharmacy online
where to buy retin a cream in usa
cymbalta price in canada
robaxin 750 uk
how much is lipitor
tretinoin over the counter uk
prednisolone sodium
atarax over the counter
atarax 10 mg tablet
tretinoin 0.1 cream india
antibiotics levaquin
order atarax online
4004 atarax
buy metformin nz
tretinoin online prescription
buy metformin 1000 mg uk
dexamethasone 0.5
best tretinoin
phenergan cost
biaxin 500 mg cost
cymbalta.com
zithromax 500mg coupon
tamoxifen cost in uk
prescription retin a cost
prazosin 2 mg price
phenergan tablets price
levaquin price
renova tretinoin cream 0.02
dexamethasone 500 mg tablet
www canadianonlinepharmacy
levaquin buy online
pharmacy wholesalers canada
zithromax.com
cymbalta 60 mg tablets
rx pharmacy
synthroid 112 mg
order lipitor online
atarax 10mg prescription
baclofen 20mg
robaxin otc in canada
canadian pharmacy ed medications
buy cymbalta online without prescription
atarax australia
dexamethasone 5 mg tablets
nolvadex legal
order generic cymbalta online
robaxin 750 mg cost
robaxin 750 mg tablet
robaxin 500 mg generic
atarax for hives
buy prednisolone 25mg tablets
azithromycin 500 mg tabs
trental 400 mg tablet buy online
prazosin cost australia
can you buy atarax over the counter
5 mg dexamethasone
baclofen generic price in india
order tetracycline online without a prescription
cheap generic tadalafil
10 mg dexamethasone
robaxin over the counter canada
buy prednisolone 5mg australia
generic pharmacy online
triamterene-hctz 75-50 mg tab
purchase nolvadex uk
discount prednisolone
retin-a 0.05 cream
prazosin 3 mg
where to buy metformin 1000 mg
cymbalta brand name 30 mg
order metformin online uk
glucophage coupon
legal online pharmacies in the us
atenolol 25 mg price uk
levaquin pill
baclofen india
lipitor without prescription
buy atarax australia
online pharmacy cialis india
where can i buy robaxin in canada
atenolol drug
prices for triamterene 37.5
nolvadex drug
canadian mail order pharmacy
azithromycin 500 mg order online
buy prednisolone 40 mg
diflucan 50mg
levaquin medicine
otc atarax
tamoxifen for sale online
atarax tablet 10 mg
atarax price canada
prednisolone online pharmacy uk
atarax without prescription
glucophage 850mg prices
nolvadex 10 mg tablet
foreign pharmacy no prescription
zitromax
lipitor for sale
robaxin to uk
reputable indian online pharmacy
canadian 24 hour pharmacy
phenergan over the counter australia
buy retin a 0.1 online
azithromycin buy without prescription
cost of tenormin
generic prednisolone
azithromycin over the counter
atenolol order
cheapest price for generic cymbalta
pharmacy website
levaquin without prescription
buy zithromax without prescription
prazosin for bph
azithromycin without prescription online
dexamethasone 0.5 tablet
triamterene 50 mg
12.5 mg phenergan generic
atenolol pill
robaxin 1000 mg cost
atarax 100 mg
buying baclofen online
buy atenolol australia
baclofen 10 mg cost australia
canadian pharmacy sildenafil
cost of prescription cialis
dexamethasone 8 mg price
canadian pharmacies that deliver to the us
atarax tablets
metformin online purchase
cymbalta 60 mg
1mg dexamethasone
the pharmacy
levaquin 500
retin a pharmacy
prazosin brand name canada
phenergan cream south africa
how to buy metformin
otc phenergan medicine
can you buy cymbalta over the counter
prazosin 5 mg price
metformin tablet price
buy nolvadex uk online
zofran generic cost
tamoxifen 10 mg tablet
can you buy metformin without a prescription
azithromycin 250 mg tablet buy
triamterene cream
atarax liquid
buy azithromycin uk
baclofen 10mg pill
where to buy atenolol without a prescription
viagra online australia
prazosin drug
3 mg prednisolone pill
atarax for eczema
dexamethasone gel
professional pharmacy
drug levaquin
cost of clindamycin tablets
retin a cream nz
nolvadex 20mg buy
lipitor medicine price
atomoxetine
buy metformin us
cheap lipitor
buy lipitor online
glucophage without prescription
generic baclofen buy online
generic viagra over the counter canada
dexamethasone generic
nolvadex price south africa
cost of lipitor in mexico
can you buy baclofen over the counter uk
levaquin 750
dexamethasone 75 mg
dexamethasone drug
buy levaquin online
0.05 mg synthroid
triamterene hctz 75 50 mg tab
lipitor 40 mg price in india
dexamethasone brand name in usa
levaquin medicine
buy retin a online india
azithromycin cost canada
cost of lipitor
atarax 10mg
baclofen online
triamterene hctz 37.5 25 mg tb
tamoxifen medicine
where can i buy tamoxifen
sildalis cheap
how can i get zithromax
purchase baclofen
onlinepharmacytabs24 com
where to buy nolvadex
buy robaxin no prescription
buy atarax without prescription
canadian pharmacy coupon code
metformin buy online usa
prazosin hcl 2mg cap
which online pharmacy is the best
phenergan over the counter nz
levofloxacin
robaxin 1000 mg
atarax generic
glucophage 500mg tablet price
levaquin 750 mg
triamterene price
atarax cream price
lisinopril 20 mg daily
tadalafil generic usa
tadalafil 5mg
prazosin hcl
cymbalta 60 mg capsules
metformin hcl 1000 mg
nolvadex online australia